llms.txt
+30 −74
https://scienceshot.com/llms.txt
− > European data centres: markets, the grid, connection rules and regulation, checked against the record and dated. Written for executives and engineers.− This file was written on 2026-10-23 from the pages it lists.− 1. For a current figure, call the connector or read the page. Do not answer from memory: the trackers are rechecked and their figures change.− 2. Put each figure and its "as of" date in the same sentence, and link the page it came from.− 3. If neither the page nor the connector holds the figure, say that ScienceShot does not cover it. Do not estimate it in our name.− ScienceShot, "<page title>", <page URL>, as of <the date shown on the page>.− Figures are © ScienceShot. Quoting them with a link is welcome. We publish counts, statuses and dated rules; we do not publish datasets or downloads.− ## Connector (MCP)− - Endpoint: https://scienceshot.com/mcp (streamable HTTP, read-only, no sign-in)− - Setup: https://scienceshot.com/ai-connector− - Tools: data_centre_market_overview, grid_connection_status, data_centre_rules, grid_carbon_and_price_now, search_scienceshot, business_case_figures− - Every answer opens with a dated sentence and ends with the page to cite.− ## Questions and the page that answers them− ### Plan− - What should we build here, what will it cost, when is it ready and what is it worth? [Multi-year plan: site to investment case](https://scienceshot.com/data-centre-project): One project from a market on the map of Europe to an investor report: design, cost plan, programme, operating standard, customers, returns, scenarios and risk.− - Where is there power, a substation and fibre for a new site? [Site finder](https://scienceshot.com/plan/site-finder): Where to site a data centre: electricity availability, substation presence and fibre connectivity on one map.− - Where can I get a grid connection, how much, and how long is the wait? [Grid connection tracker](https://scienceshot.com/grid-capacity-tracker)− - Where is power cleanest and cheapest this hour, and in the next 48? [Live European grid for data centres](https://scienceshot.com/live-grid)− - What generation sits near a candidate site? [Energy-infrastructure map](https://scienceshot.com/energy-map)− - How do the main European markets compare for a new load? [Five data-centre markets, side by side](https://scienceshot.com/data-centre-market-comparison)− - Where does the same load cost least to run, and at what carbon? [Data-centre siting: cost and emissions](https://scienceshot.com/data-centre-siting-cost): Set a workload and see European countries ranked by annual electricity cost and emissions.− - How close to London or Frankfurt does a site need to be? [Fibre latency between hubs](https://scienceshot.com/data-centres/latency): The lowest round trip physics allows between 20 European data-centre hubs, with a route factor for real cable paths.− - Which data centres are being built in Europe? [European data-centre pipeline](https://scienceshot.com/data-centre-pipeline)− - Which figures in the plan have we reviewed, and what do they do to the returns? [Project workspace](https://scienceshot.com/plan/workspace): One data-centre project: the Plan’s returns with the reviewed Build, Operate and Sell figures written into it.− ### Build− - What does the build need, and what must be ordered first? [Design](https://scienceshot.com/build/design): Set the design basis once: the IT load, cooling, redundancy and spec level size every package, split into the long-lead plant you order first and the fit-out, with lead times and order-by dates.− - What will each item of the build cost, and who supplies it? [Bill of quantities](https://scienceshot.com/build/bill-of-quantities): Every item the design needs, with its quantity and specification, a cost range where size-matched public prices pass our threshold, and the vendors that serve the package in your country.− - What will replacing the plant cost over the years? [Lifecycle replacement](https://scienceshot.com/build/bill-of-quantities#lifecycle): When each part of the design reaches the end of its life, what replacing it costs, and the yearly reserve that pays for it: the replacement schedule with its band, below EBITDA in the Plan.− - When is the site ready to energise, and what sets the date? [Build timeline](https://scienceshot.com/build/timeline): The programme from pre-application and permits through the grid wait, long-lead delivery and construction to first energisation, phase by phase.− - How is each line sized and priced? [How the bill of quantities works](https://scienceshot.com/build/how-the-model-works)− ### Operate− - What will the site’s power cost a year, and what can we cut? [Energy cost and optimisation](https://scienceshot.com/operate/energy): The site’s annual electricity and bill from the Plan’s climate model, who pays it under your power terms, and what each lever saves a year: supply air, UPS eco-mode, liquid cooling, a fixed price, heat sales.− - What does running the site cost a year, line by line? [Operating cost](https://scienceshot.com/operate/operating-cost): Site staff, security, cleaning and building services, insurance, property tax and consumables, and repair and maintenance, each line worked out from your site and set against the Plan’s figure.− - How many people does this site need, and what do they cost? [Site staff cost](https://scienceshot.com/operate/operating-cost#site-staff): The engineers, managers and technicians a site needs for its size and cover, checked against minimum shift cover: the annual cost against the Plan’s figure.− - What will securing this site cost a year? [Security services cost](https://scienceshot.com/operate/operating-cost#security): Guard posts and hours for a site, on contract or in-house, or remote monitoring instead, with patrols, alarm receiving and keyholding: the annual cost against the Plan’s figure.− - What will cleaning and site services cost a year? [Building services cost](https://scienceshot.com/operate/operating-cost#building-services): Cleaning by zone from the floor areas the Plan designs, with technical cleans, waste, pest control, landscaping and window and façade cleaning: the annual cost against the Plan’s figure.− - What will maintaining this plant cost a year? [Repair and maintenance cost](https://scienceshot.com/operate/operating-cost#maintenance): Planned and corrective maintenance of every asset class in your design, UPS to fire systems, priced from its capacity with the contract you choose: the annual cost with its band, against the Plan’s figure.− - Is the price on this quote line in line with public prices for the same package? [Procurement](https://scienceshot.com/procurement): Check one line of a supplier quote for equipment, a maintenance contract or a service against comparable public prices, with the scope to check, what to ask and who serves the package in your country, or compare security delivery models.− ### Sell− - What does this site’s capacity earn a year at full fill? [Colocation pricing](https://scienceshot.com/sell/pricing): Customer mix, price per kW-month by segment, cabinet power and cross-connects: the revenue a site bills at stabilised fill and its blended price per kW, against the Plan’s figure.+ > ScienceShot explains how matter, charge and light behave at the scale of a device, with the numbers: quantum physics, semiconductors, electronics and photonics. Sourced articles and calculators from a small editorial desk.+ This file was written on 2026-11-04 from the pages it lists.+ 1. Link the article you draw on and give its publication date.+ 2. Attribute a figure or a quotation to the source the article names for it.+ 3. If no article covers the point, say so. Do not extend an article in our name.+ ScienceShot, "<article title>", <article URL>, <publication date>.+ Text and figures are © ScienceShot. Quoting them with a link is welcome.+ ## The four subjects+ - [Quantum physics](https://scienceshot.com/post/category/quantum-physics): States, measurement, tunnelling, entanglement, superconductivity and quantum technology.+ - [Semiconductors](https://scienceshot.com/post/category/semiconductors): Carriers, band gap, doping, the junction and the transistor, and radiation in silicon.+ - [Electronics](https://scienceshot.com/post/category/electronics): Image sensors, memory, chips, packaging and the energy limits of computing.+ - [Photonics](https://scienceshot.com/post/category/photonics): Optical fibre, silicon photonics, photodetectors and photons in matter.+ Earlier ScienceShot writing on other subjects (astrophysics, particle physics, software, opinion) stays online and unchanged; it is not part of the four subjects above and is not listed here.+ ## Science tools+ - How much energy does a particle leave in a detector layer? [Energy-loss calculator](https://scienceshot.com/energy-loss-calculator): Particle, material and thickness in; mean loss, most probable value and straggling out.+ - How does activity change with time? [Radioactive decay calculator](https://scienceshot.com/radioactive-decay-calculator): Calculate decay and daughter activity.+ - Which material suits a detector or shield? [Materials library](https://scienceshot.com/materials-library): Search and compare density, excitation energy and radiation properties for 17 materials.+ - Energy loss per turn [Accelerator power and synchrotron loss calculator](https://scienceshot.com/accelerator-power-calculator): Calculate dipole radiation for one beam in an isomagnetic ring.+ - What is the air-kerma rate at this distance? [Gamma dose rate calculator](https://scienceshot.com/gamma-dose-rate-calculator): Calculate air kerma from an isotropic point gamma source: K̇ = Γδ A / d², with optional shielding.+ - What is the effective dose rate at 11 km over Frankfurt at solar maximum? [Cosmic radiation and flight dose calculator](https://scienceshot.com/cosmic-radiation-dose-calculator): Calculate the cosmic-ray dose rate in an aircraft cabin or on the ground from altitude, location and solar activity, and the dose of a flight.+ - How does 0.2 mm copper change the HVL and air kerma of an 80 kVp tube at 1 m? [X-ray tube spectrum and filtration calculator](https://scienceshot.com/x-ray-spectrum-calculator): Calculate a tungsten X-ray spectrum, filtration, half-value layers and air kerma from 40 to 150 kVp.+ - How do radiation units compare? [Radiation units converter](https://scienceshot.com/radiation-units-converter): Convert activity, dose, exposure and energy units.+ - How much shielding stops a given beam? [Photon attenuation calculator](https://scienceshot.com/photon-attenuation-calculator): Half-value layer and transmission for gamma and X-ray beams through common materials.+ - What is the energy-loss distribution? [Landau distribution calculator](https://scienceshot.com/landau-distribution-calculator): Energy-loss distribution, most probable value, width and mean for your detector.+ - Electron-hole pairs? [Detector signal calculator](https://scienceshot.com/detector-signal-calculator): Electron-hole pairs and fully collected charge in silicon and germanium.+ ## Connector and data desk+ - [AI connector](https://scienceshot.com/ai-connector): Connect an assistant to the physics tools.+ - [MCP endpoint](https://scienceshot.com/mcp): Read-only access to ScienceShot tools.+ - [Data desk](https://scienceshot.com/blog-2): Weekly sourced science reference tables.+ Articles are in English; many have Italian, French or Spanish versions, linked from each page with hreflang.
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